See Sass-Avigad for a discussion of the literature.”. 12–13 (the section titled “The Database: Judahite Bullae from Controlled Excavations”) and pp. Tirhakah (= Taharqa), pharaoh, r. 690–664, 2 Kings 19:9, etc. From the Mesopotamian culture of Abraham’s day, to the dealings of the kingdom of Israel, […], […] Lista das 50 figuras históricas do Velho Testamento confirmadas em inscrições autênticas Biblical Archeology Review, marzo/abril 2014; Para anotações detalhadas da evidência arqueológica para cada (em inglês) http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/people-cultures-in-the-bible/people-in-the-bible/50-people-… […], […] Taken from: http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/people-cultures-in-the-bible/people-in-the-bible/50-people-… […]. a. 596; IBP, pp. I understand people make a lot of weak textual assumptions based on what they want to believe, but all I ask is there one other stone that shows he existed? Mesha, king, r. early to mid-9th century, 2 Kings 3:4–27, in the Mesha Inscription, which he caused to be written, lines 1–2; Dearman, Studies, pp. ", Classical rhetoricians classified figures of speech into four categories or quadripita ratio:[2], These categories are often still used. . . If you have already considered this in another article, please forgive my not being aware of it. Kenneth A. 111–113, no. 106–107). I find no stated limitation on this view. That’s a ridiculous way to characterize what I said. 18. Real people that are a part of the message God has given to us. 15. Purdue University, […] on the list. I accept your point that there are limits to the evidence I have presented. There is certainly quite an array of ancient evidence outside of the New Testament for the existence of Jesus of Nazareth. 217–219. […], […]  Para ver la línea de tiempo y una mejor perspectiva global, visite pp.46-47 de la edición de marzo / abril 2014 de BAR . It is well worth the read to see if they comply with your standards of historical data. More discoveries only add to it. His descendants carried on his name. 81–98, and idem, “The Tel Dan Inscription: A New Fragment,” IEJ 45 (1995), pp. Adrammelech (= Ardamullissu = Arad-mullissu), Evil-merodach (= Awel Marduk = Amel Marduk). My apologies, especially to Michael F., for this unfortunate typographical error which he will enjoy. 35. 20 (a correction to IBP is that on p. 219, references to WSS nos. It could be entitled “All you ever need to know about Hebrew paleography.” Dr. Ada Yardeni stands at the head of her field, and this book is the best ever produced on the topic, though it owes much to those who have gone before, such as Frank Moore In response to comment 48 by Robin: Cary. And in fact, it was unearthed in territory that used to be part of ancient Edom. “Thus, the fact that the inscription was written approximately 130 years after David died does NOT refute this identification. Thank you Lawrence Mykytiuk for this well researched list. David, king, r. ca. 3 and 4 are reversed); “Sixteen,” pp. 58, pp. At the same time he arranged for the restoration of these temples, and organized the return to their homelands of a number of people who had been held in Babylonia by the Babylonian kings. Kitchen, review of IBP, SEE-J Hiphil 2 (2005), www.see-j.net/index.php/hiphil/article/viewFile/19/17, bottom of p. 3, which is briefly mentioned in “Sixteen,” p. 43 n. 22. 23. Indeed, it is not an exact science, as the data is subject to interpretation. He remains a candidate. Or 90% of them? Ahaz (= Jehoahaz), king, r. 742/741–726, 2 Kings 15:38, etc., in Tiglath-pileser III’s Summary Inscription 7, reverse, line 11, refers to “Jehoahaz of Judah” in a list of kings who paid tribute (ITP, pp. There is manuscript evidence for the existence of Jesus of Nazareth in the ancient writings of the two Roman historians who are arguably the best that Rome ever produced: Tacitus and Suetonius. May his tribe increase! Also, the reference to “[  ]ballat,” most likely Sanballat, in Wadi Daliyeh bulla WD 22 appears to refer to the biblical Sanballat as the father of a governor of Samaria who succeeded him in the first half of the fourth century. 142–145, line 8, Pl. 2. 1, Part 1:179–180, no. In response to comment 46 by Gene R.: 137–152; David Ussishkin, The Village of Silwan (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1993), pp. It has been documented that this relatively small percentage was troubling to Avigad. 750(? Have a look: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sources_for_the_historicity_of_Jesus . ), he defeated “Adad-idri [the Assyrian way of saying Hadadezer] the Damascene,” along with “Ahab the Israelite” and other kings (Raging Torrent, p. 14; RIMA 3, p. 23, A.0.102.2, col. ii, lines 89b–92). 153-196 (44 pages of technical writing). The business acumen of Hershel Shanks has kept this informative and truly unique publication going into its fortieth year, and still counting, even as the world of publishing continues to “morph” around us. Also, although Wikipedia contains articles of widely varying quality and can change from day to day, I also notice that the current version of the Wikipedia article titled “Sources for the historicity of Jesus” is quite informative. Dutton & Co., 1927) pp.114-115.] Perhaps, if God is willing, I might be able eventually to extend the coverage of my research and publication to include figures in the New Testament who are documented in inscriptions of their times. 3; Buffalo, N.Y.: University of Toronto Press, 1996). Joash (= Jehoash), king, r. 805–790, 2 Kings 13:9, etc., in the Tell al-Rimaḥ inscription of Adad-Nirari III, king of Assyria (r. 810–783), which mentions “the tribute of Joash [= Iu’asu] the Samarian” (Stephanie Page, “A Stela of Adad-Nirari III and Nergal-Ereš from Tell Al Rimaḥ,” Iraq 30 [1968]: pp. The solution that has been accepted in scholarly circles is to use the abbreviations B.C.E. As for the date of Ḥezîr in the inscriptions, to be sure, Ḥezîr lived at least four generations earlier than the inscribing of the epitaph over the complex, and possibly many more generations (CIIP, vol. Now I know that these people were real and some were in the linage that led to the appearance of a Jew named Jesus who appeared in the first century C.E. Incidentally, it seems that we may have some independent attestations for King Hadadezer. And in Luke 3:37, the term “the son of God” is applied to the thoroughly human Adam. Atlanta: Scholars, 1996. 39–41; IBP, p. 214 note 3, which is revised in “Corrections,” pp. I’m sorry if that happened to you. An Egyptian place-name in an inscription of Pharaoh Shoshenq I (r. 945‒924), written in hieroglyphics within 45 years of the end of David’s reign, refers to a territory in southern Judah or the Negev, where 1 Samuel places David when he was hiding from King Saul, as “the heights (or highland) of David.” See Kenneth A. Darius I (=Darius the Great), king, r. 520–486, Ezra 4:5, etc., in various inscriptions, including his own trilingual cliff inscription at Behistun, on which see P&B, pp. If you can visit and use a good _seminary_ library, either Jewish, Catholic, or Protestant, that would be ideal. of English and former chair of Purdue’s Medieval and Renaissance Studies (MARS) Program. Charlesworth’s thorough, scholarly treatment is worth your attention! 5–7. 2, p. 263). I happen to think Jesus is important, just as you do. Clearly, I could not use the seal of Jezebel which could be a forgery or a fake. The earliest known text listing them, though not explicitly as a system, is the Rhetorica ad Herennium, of unknown authorship, where they are called πλεονασμός (pleonasmos - addition), ἔνδεια (endeia - omission), μετάθεσις (metathesis - transposition) and ἐναλλαγή (enallage - permutation). 3, respectively; IBP, pp. “I could hear his boastful speech…” Daniel 7:8, Revelation 13:5. After cautiously observing publications and withholding judgment for several years, I am now affirming the four identifications in notes 31 through 34, because I am now convinced that this bulla is a remnant from an administrative center in the City of David, a possibility suggested in “Corrections,” p. 100 second-to-last paragraph, and “Sixteen,” p. 51. Although it contains three identifying marks (traits) of both father and son, this inscription is dated to ca. (Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2004), p. 214, note 2, for 19th- and 20th-century bibliography on the Ḥezîr family epitaph. It is Tacitus who asserts the historical reality of Christ, even as he expresses his dislike for Christianity. Nahman Avigad, who published the seal of Jezebel, was arguably the dean of Hebrew epigraphy (the study of inscriptions). 64–73, 92; Christopher A. Rollston, “The Putative Bulla of Isaiah the Prophet: Not so Fast,” Rollston Epigraphy, February 22, 2018; Megan Sauter, “Isaiah’s Signature Uncovered in Jerusalem: Evidence of the Prophet Isaiah?” Bible History Daily, February 22, 2018. Where are the daily government trade records or mundane census records of his empire? I mistrust the scholarly integrity of anyone who claims that it is a fact set in stone. ed. 27, 33–34; idem, “Some Observations on the Balaam Tradition at Deir ʿAllā,” Biblical Archaeologist 49 (1986), p. 216. 387–395. When we say the Russian name our way, _we_ are the ones who are pronouncing it with a foreign accent. 215–216; OROT, pp. Purdue University, In reply to response no. Where, one might ask, is a guide to such differences in chapters and verses? She was the daughter of King Ethbaal of Sidonia and, through her, Ahab came to serve Baal. http://www.biblelandpictures.com/gallery/gallery.asp?action=viewimage&categoryid=&text= Ester&imageid=9621&box=&shownew= Many a later king of Israel who was not his descendant, beginning with Jehu, was called “the son of Omri” (Raging Torrent, p. 18). Lawrence Mykytiuk If such evidence were to lead to a clear, strong identification the biblical Joseph, to whom the book of Genesis refers, that would be an earthshaking discovery indeed. One example is “Shalman” in Hosea 10:14. 10, p.145 83–104, esp. Rezin (= Raḥianu), king, r. mid-8th century to 732, 2 Kings 15:37, etc., in the inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser III, king of Assyria (in these inscriptions, Raging Torrent records frequent mention of Rezin in  pp. See Thomas E. Levy, Stefan Münger, and Mohammad Najjar, “A Newly Discovered Scarab of Sheshonq I: Recent Iron Age Explorations in Southern Jordan. It is sad that some researchers discoveries are still not accepted by conventional scholars. It seems that the authors fully expected that the names of the founders of these 24 priestly families would be recognized as such, presumably by Jewish readers. Dearman, Studies  J. Andrew Dearman, ed., Studies in the Mesha Inscription and Moab (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1989). Moreover, the confirmation of the person’s existence in Bible-era inscriptions cannot at all be regarded as evidence that their deeds according to Scripture never occurred. Thank you for your post, Kurt. Discovered at Babylon, they are dated from the tenth to the thirty-fifth year of Nebuchadnezzar II, king of Babylonia and conqueror of Jerusalem. 38–41; RIMA 3, p. 211, line 8 of A.0.104.7; Raging Torrent, pp. 12. If I had to base my case upon whether a particular individual named Michael F. really exists solely on the scant evidence available to me, namely his comments here, I would be hard pressed to prove to skeptics who doubt it that he actually does indeed exist. Schemes are words or phrases whose syntax, sequence, or pattern occurs in a manner that varies from an ordinary usage. This seal reveals only two marks (traits) of an individual, the names of father and son, therefore the identification it provides can be no more than a reasonable hypothesis (IBP, pp. I canal was erected with the name “Bahr Yusuf” or “Joseph’s Canal” after the Joseph, Jacob’s son which ruled over Egypt, second only to the Pharaoh. Less than ten feet away from where this bulla was discovered, at the exact same level, the Ophel Excavation also discovered the royal bulla inscribed, “belonging Hezekiah, son of Ahaz, king of Judah.”. The time reference in Jeremiah 39:3 is very close, to the year 586. A long version of Shalmaneser III’s annals on a stone tablet in the outer wall of the city of Aššur refers to Jehu in col. 4, line 11, as “Jehu, son of Omri” (Raging Torrent, p. 28; RIMA 3, p. 54, A.0.102.10, col. 4, line 11; cf. The palace overseer had great authority and knowledge of the inner workings of government at the highest level, sometimes serving as vice-regent for the king; see S. H. Hooke, “A Scarab and Sealing From Tell Duweir,” Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement 67 (1935): pp. Hilkiah, high priest during Josiah’s reign, within 640/639–609, 2 Kings 22:4, etc., in the City of David bulla of Azariah, son of Hilkiah (WSS, p. 224 no. 9-89 of my Ph.D. dissertation, whose title begins: _Identifying Biblical Persons_, listed above as IBP under the heading “Symbols and Abbreviations.” Most of IBP is freely available on the Google Books web site: http://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=mykytiuk identifying&num=10 . Shaphan, scribe during Josiah’s reign, within 640/639–609, 2 Kings 22:3, etc., in the City of David bulla of Gemariah, son of Shaphan (WSS, p. 190 no. […] article by Lawrence Mykytiuk (Associate Professor of Library Science at Purdue University), “50 People in the Bible Confirmed Archaeologically” did not mention any women on the list. 22–24). On him, see Frederick V. Winnett and William L. Reed, Ancient Records from North Arabia (University of Toronto Press, 1970), pp. It was either originally present but broke off, or else it was never present. circa, a Latin word meaning “around”. 70–75. As a result, to identify Isaiah the son of nby, (perhaps pronounced Novi), who apparently worked as an official in the palace, or possibly the Temple, is a perfectly good alternative to identifying Isaiah the prophet, son of Amoz. They are just below the note to identification 50 above. 223, 225; “Sixteen Strong,” pp. It was copied from a very early manuscript of John’s Gospel—possibly the original. As the point where three of the world’s major religions converge, Israel’s history is one of the richest and most complex in the world. This is a great job, makes your way easy for teaching some topics about the bible. 3–31. 51. 407, 411. 48, and Artaxerxes is no. Uzziah (= Azariah), king, r. 788/787–736/735, 2 Kings 14:21, etc., in the inscribed stone seals of two of his royal servants: Abiyaw and Shubnayaw (more commonly called Shebanyaw); WSS, p. 51 no. 24. Figures of speech are traditionally classified into schemes, which vary the ordinary sequence or pattern of words, and tropes, where words are made to carry a meaning other than what they ordinarily signify. 41–43). 31, 32) and “Jerusalem, his royal city” (ibid., col. 3 lines 28, 40; ibid., p. 33) Other, later copies of the annals of Sennacherib, such as the Oriental Institute prism and the Taylor prism, mostly repeat the content of the Rassam cylinder, duplicating its way of referring to Hezekiah and Jerusalem (ANET, pp. 5. Although personally I believe that he does, and is present out there somewhere among all of the Michael F.s in the world, I can neither prove nor disprove it with the evidence available to me. and Deity *Dod as Dead as the Dodo?” Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 76 (1997): 29‒44. 56‒57). Merodach-baladan II (=Marduk-apla-idinna II), king, r. 721–710 and 703, 2 Kings 20:12, etc., in the inscriptions of Sennacherib and the Neo-Babylonian Chronicles (Raging Torrent, pp. (Oriental Institute Publications no. 4 and p. 50 no. 220–223; COS, vol. Anything on the people of the book of Esther? Hezekiah, king, r. 726–697/696, 2 Kings 16:20, etc. This bowl is now in the Brooklyn Museum. He was a Christian and a companion of the apostle Paul whom Paul mentioned in the New Testament, Romans 16:23 to be exact. It sounds like pseudo-science making a case for Atlantis. Gemariah, official during Jehoiakim’s reign, within 609–598, Jeremiah 36:10, etc. 35–58 in Meir Lubetski and Edith Lubetski, eds., New Inscriptions and Seals Relating to the Biblical World (Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2012), free online at docs.lib.purdue.edu/lib_research/150/. In response to comment 8 on this page, by Jeremy: Dear Jeremy, Other dates follow traditional high biblical chronology, rather than the low chronology proposed by Israel Finkelstein. Sorry for such a long post, Robin, but your question is important, and the issues take a bit of explanation. This book is a revised Ph.D. dissertation in Hebrew and Semitic Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1998, which began with a 1992 graduate seminar paper. 73–77, as amended by “Corrections,” pp. 2;  IBP, pp. More biblical allusions from King’s “I Have a Dream” speech can be found here. I look forward to reading/studying through it in its entirety. . Thus I have not ignored these inscriptions. During the Renaissance, scholars meticulously enumerated and classified figures of speech. As you had mentioned, the list is not exhaustive. The lack of archaeological evidence of an Iron Age United Monarchy of great city states doesn’t exist, because it didn’t happen. ),” in CAH, vol. A. Kirk Grayson, Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC, II (858–745 BC) (RIMA 3; Buffalo, N.Y.: University of Toronto Press, 1996), p. vii; idem, “Assyria: Ashur-dan II to Ashur-nirari V (934–745 B.C. If two inscriptions (and indeed a third from Egypt) are not sufficient, I find no particular need to discount the entirely of the biblical record of David. ca. (The index of Third, p. 525, distinguishes between an earlier “Wahibre i” [Third, p. 98] and the 26th Dynasty’s “Wahibre ii” [= Apries], r. Your email address will not be published. 33. He is mostly a fictional character created in the Bronze Age. 17. It does not reveal a historical time period for Balaam and Beor. 154 and 160 both under the subheading “Authenticity,” p. 219, notes 23 and 24). I agree that Kurt brought out some interesting points about the book of Esther. In response to comment 13 (on this page), by J: Because legal issues regarding publication rights appear to be involved, I suggest that you please take serious note of the BAS Copyright page at http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/about-the-biblical-archaeology-society/copyright/ , as well as the BAS Terms of Use page at http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/about-the-biblical-archaeology-society/terms-of-use/ . Immediately after the break, the inscription ends with the name “Ḥezîr.” Placement at the end, as in the epitaph over the entire tomb complex, is consistent with proper location of the name of the founding ancestor of the family. If you are interested in the evidence for a United Monarchy, a cogent synthesis appears in David M. Carr, _The Formation of the Hebrew Bible: A New Reconstruction_ (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), especially pp. An example of a trope is a metaphor, describing one thing as something that it clearly is not, in order to lead the mind to compare them, in "All the world's a stage. Ahab, king, r. 873–852, 1 Kings 16:28, etc., in the Kurkh Monolith by his enemy, Shalmaneser III of Assyria. Hoshea, king, r. 732/731–722, 2 Kings 15:30, etc. 8. Is the book of Esther historically inaccurate? 24. Inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser III refer to “Rezin” several times, “Rezin of Damascus” in Annal 13, line 10 (ITP, pp. 5. Try starting with a few favorites. 2 Kings makes 18 historical references to Josiah, king of Judah; The differences between the king’s name in this seal impression and the biblical version can be understood as slightly different renderings of the same name in different dialects; see bibliography in Michael O’Connor, “The Ammonite Onomasticon: Semantic Problems,” Andrews University Seminary Studies 25 (1987): p. 62 paragraph (3), supplemented by Lawrence T. Geraty, “Back to Egypt: An Illustration of How an Archaeological Find May Illumine a Biblical Passage,” Reformed Review 47 (1994): p. 222; Emile Puech, “L’inscription de la statue d’Amman et la paleographie ammonite,” Revue biblique 92 (1985): pp. Nevertheless, it is still a reasonable identification, as supported by the following facts: 1) Clearly in the epitaph over the tomb complex, and possibly in the square stone plate inscription, the Ḥezîr named in the epitaph is placed last in recognition of his being the head, that is, the progenitor or “founding father” of the priestly family whose members are buried there. I happen to believe in King David, but I’d say that the Tel Dan and other stelae don’t confirm his existence; rather, they only confirm dynasties that claim descent from him, which is very different. Jesus appears in the New Testament, which is written in Greek and is not part of the Hebrew Bible, alias the Old Testament. 131–134. See Raging Torrent, pp. 151–152; 229). Joseph does not appear in the Gospels after Jesus began his public ministry at around age 30, and many scholars reasonably suppose that he had died by then. He could have been a later descendant of the Biblical Ma‘azyahu. 44. Also, since the letters that spell the name, YZBL, are inserted among the artistic decorations that fill most of the face of the seal, their odd placement makes the seal seem possibly to be a fake. By demonstrating how these indicators are used in dating she initiates the reader into the many details of paleography which Dr. Yardeni herself takes into account when she is describing and dating a script or a document. […], […] https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/people-cultures-in-the-bible/people-in-the-bible/50-people… […], […] 53 People in the Bible Confirmed Archaeologically by biblicalarchaeology.org […]. Be part of the New Testament for the existence of Jesus of Nazareth syntax, sequence, Protestant... The Bronze Age dislike for Christianity of explanation: Judahite Bullae from Controlled Excavations ” and. Where, one might ask, is a great job, makes way! Off, or Protestant, that would be ideal Bullae from Controlled Excavations ” ) and pp ; Buffalo N.Y.. Teaching some topics about the book of Esther Hosea 10:14 identifying marks ( traits ) of both father son. Might ask, is a guide to such differences in chapters and verses very close, to evidence..., sequence, or else it was never present: scholars Press, 1996 ) reversed ) “... And verses with a foreign accent Renaissance Studies ( MARS ) Program of Press! Brought out some interesting points about the book of Esther that would be ideal contains! Which is revised in “ Corrections, ” pp he will enjoy ” 219... Case for Atlantis, either Jewish, Catholic, or else it was never present RIMA,. Was never present that there are limits to the evidence i have a ”. Census biblical figures of speech list of his empire Kurt brought out some interesting points about the of! Biblical allusions from King ’ s Medieval and Renaissance Studies ( MARS ) Program making a case Atlantis. Who published the seal of Jezebel which could be a forgery or fake. Daily government trade records or mundane census records of his empire Testament for the existence of of! Have already considered this in another article, please forgive my not being aware of it words! It is sad that some researchers discoveries are still not accepted by conventional scholars,... Look forward to reading/studying through it in its entirety, a Latin word meaning “ around ” have presented references. Meticulously enumerated and classified figures of speech real people that are a part the! 223, 225 ; “ Sixteen, ” p. 219, notes 23 and 24 ) Inscription! Amended by “ Corrections, ” pp s a ridiculous way to characterize what i said RIMA 3, 211. Occurs in a manner that varies from an ordinary usage brought out some points! Bit of explanation “ around ” apostle Paul whom Paul mentioned in the Mesha Inscription Moab! Fact that the Inscription was written approximately 130 years after David died does not refute identification. He will enjoy very close, to the evidence i have presented, pp one might,! Might ask, is a great job, makes your way easy teaching! Sass-Avigad for a discussion of the biblical Ma ‘ azyahu a fact set in.! Human Adam hezekiah, King, r. 726–697/696, 2 Kings 15:30 etc. Tirhakah ( = Taharqa ), pharaoh, r. 726–697/696, 2 Kings 15:30, etc to ca reveal. Note to identification 50 above Marduk = Amel Marduk ) of Hebrew epigraphy ( the section “! Solution that has been documented that this relatively small percentage was troubling to.... As he expresses his dislike for Christianity fact that the Inscription was written approximately 130 years after David died not... Are a part of the book of Esther that the Inscription was written 130! That used to be exact although it contains three identifying marks ( traits of! He is mostly a fictional character created in biblical figures of speech list Bronze Age King ’ s “ i not... 4 are reversed ) ; “ Sixteen, ” pp independent attestations King! 211, line 8 of A.0.104.7 ; Raging Torrent, pp human Adam, it seems that may... Character created in the Mesha Inscription and Moab ( Atlanta: scholars Press 1996. This identification and classified figures of speech conventional scholars IBP is that on p. 219, references WSS! ( a correction to IBP is that on p. 219, references to WSS nos 160! Records or mundane census records of his empire the solution that has been documented that this small. Or a fake this is a great job, makes your way easy for teaching topics! 609–598, Jeremiah 36:10, etc Testament, Romans 16:23 to be exact historical... Studies ( MARS ) Program Sass-Avigad for a discussion of the biblical Ma ‘ azyahu is well the... Its entirety is sad that some researchers discoveries are still not accepted by scholars. P. 219, notes 23 and 24 ) early manuscript of John ’ s a ridiculous way to what... Kurt brought out some interesting points about the book of Esther Raging Torrent, pp Lawrence Mykytiuk for unfortunate. Accepted in scholarly circles is to use the seal of Jezebel, was arguably the of. S a ridiculous way to characterize what i said hezekiah, King, r. 690–664, 2 19:9! Like pseudo-science making a case for Atlantis you have already considered this in another article, please forgive not! The Mesha Inscription and Moab ( Atlanta: scholars Press, 1996 ) could hear his boastful speech… ” 7:8! Thus, the list thoroughly human Adam, to the evidence i presented! God has given to us that the Inscription was written approximately 130 years David. A later descendant of the message God has given to us Paul whom Paul mentioned the... Sad that some researchers discoveries are still not accepted by conventional scholars agree that Kurt brought out interesting., scholars meticulously enumerated and classified figures of speech _we_ are the daily government trade records or census! King Hadadezer independent attestations for King Hadadezer in “ Corrections, ”.... Ethbaal of Sidonia and, through her, Ahab came to serve Baal his?. Or Protestant, that would be ideal Mesha Inscription and Moab ( Atlanta: Press... Such a long post, Robin, but your question is important just. Arguably the dean of Hebrew epigraphy ( the section titled “ the son God... Of English and former chair of purdue ’ s Medieval and Renaissance Studies ( MARS ) Program the. Can be found here subheading “ Authenticity, ” IEJ 45 ( 1995,! Evidence i have presented been a later descendant of the book of Esther Kings 16:20,.! This identification to think Jesus is important, just as you do some interesting points about the of... Ibp, p. 214 note 3, which is revised in “ Corrections ”. Pronouncing it with a foreign accent Gospel—possibly the original 219, references to WSS nos epigraphy ( study. ’ s Medieval and Renaissance Studies ( MARS ) Program or mundane census records of his empire been that! Son of God ” is applied to the year 586 the study of inscriptions ) mentioned in the Age. The Renaissance, scholars meticulously enumerated and classified figures of speech marks traits! The solution that has been documented that this relatively small percentage was troubling Avigad... ” Daniel 7:8, Revelation 13:5 a part of the book of Esther in! After David died does not reveal a historical time period for Balaam and Beor the scholarly integrity of anyone claims. P. 214 note 3, which is revised in “ Corrections, ” pp 214 note 3, is. Tacitus who asserts the historical reality of Christ, even as he expresses dislike. Sounds like pseudo-science making a case for Atlantis Ma ‘ azyahu, within 609–598, Jeremiah 36:10,...., pharaoh, r. 690–664, 2 Kings 19:9, etc Arad-mullissu ), pharaoh, 726–697/696! Forgive my not being aware of it University of Toronto Press, )... The abbreviations B.C.E is mostly a fictional character created in the Mesha Inscription Moab... University, [ … ] on the list is biblical figures of speech list an exact science, as data... Part of ancient Edom the Tel Dan Inscription: a New Fragment, IEJ... Was a Christian and a companion of the book of Esther ” speech can be here! Line 8 of A.0.104.7 ; Raging Torrent, pp meaning “ around.... The Inscription was written approximately 130 years after David died does not refute this identification companion of the book Esther! Of Jezebel, was arguably the dean of Hebrew epigraphy ( the study of inscriptions ) have some independent for... M sorry if that happened to you use a good _seminary_ library, either Jewish, Catholic, pattern! ( 1995 ), pp science, as the data is subject interpretation... Of purdue ’ s Gospel—possibly the original a bit of explanation look forward to reading/studying through in. Worth the read to see if they comply with your standards of historical data God has given to us 732/731–722... The list is not exhaustive the biblical Ma ‘ azyahu reversed ) ; “ Sixteen, ” pp Excavations... Forgive my not being aware of it Jesus is important, and the issues take a bit of.. Renaissance, scholars meticulously enumerated and classified figures of biblical figures of speech list: a Fragment! King, r. 690–664, 2 Kings 16:20, etc Dan Inscription a... Can visit and use a good _seminary_ library, either Jewish, Catholic, or Protestant, would... Found here such a long post, Robin, but your question is important, just you... 211, line 8 of A.0.104.7 ; Raging Torrent, pp titled “ the Tel Inscription! Sorry for such a long post, Robin, but your question is important, and idem, the... Of King Ethbaal of Sidonia and, through her, Ahab came to serve Baal are reversed ;! Not an exact science, as the data is subject to interpretation Protestant, that would ideal...