Throughout his presidency, Wilson fought for reforms with respect to labour laws, the rights of women, and international relations. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856–February 3, 1924) was the 28th president of the United States, serving from 1913 to 1921. The marriage was warm and happy, although it was shadowed by Ellen’s bouts of depression and Wilson’s brief extramarital affair with Mary Allen Peck. Two years of humdrum legal practice in Atlanta disillusioned him, and he abandoned his law career for graduate study in government and history at Johns Hopkins University, where in 1886 he received a Ph.D.; he was the only president to have earned that degree. He began his career teaching history and political science at Bryn Mawr College in 1885 and moved to Wesleyan University in Connecticut in 1888. Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924) was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. Wilson proposed the "Fourteen Points" as the basis for the peace treaty at Versailles, with the last point being the creation of a League of Nations to ensure world peace. He was not just an ordinary academic either, but the author of journal articles and books that were--for the time--well reputed. Wilson upgraded the university both financially and intellectually, and he attempted far-reaching reforms of both undergraduate and graduate education. Woodrow Wilson was the 28th President of the United States. These policies extended to other areas of the District as well. Woodrow Wilson Biography. Wilson then commented that segregation was a benefit to African Americans and stated his policies were seeking “not to put Negro employees at a disadvantage” but to prevent friction between Black and White employees. And he helped to make the White House the center of power in Washington. Though Wilson’s legacy on world peace, women’s rights and labor reform is exemplary, his record on race can only be described as dismal. Less than stellar in school — scholars now think that Wilson had a form of dyslexia — Wilson was rigorously trained by his father in oratory and debate, which became a particular passion for the boy. Woodrow Wilson, one of 13 U.S. presidents who served two full terms of office, was the 28th president of the United States, serving from 1913 to 1921. “Biography of Woodrow Wilson”, Oxford, www.biographyonline.net, Published 10 Sep 2012. In a speech before the Senate in January 1918, Wilson publicly endorsed a woman’s right to vote. In 1902 he was the unanimous choice to become president of Princeton. Woodrow Wilson Biography Twenty-eighth President of the United States of America (1913-1921) Thomas Woodrow Wilson. During his childhood, Wilson witnessed the ravages of the ‘Civil War’ from close quarters. Wilson's mother nursed wounded soldiers during the conflict. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. Flawed in many ways, Wilson still Led us into WWI when there seemed to be no other choice, helped broker the peace at Versailles, and fought valiantly for the League of Nations. Woodrow Wilson, the 28th U.S. president, led America through World War I and crafted the Versailles Treaty's "Fourteen Points," the last of which was creating a League of Nations to ensure world peace. Woodrow Wilson, in full Thomas Woodrow Wilson, (born December 28, 1856, Staunton, Virginia, U.S.—died February 3, 1924, Washington, D.C.), 28th president of the United States (1913–21), an American scholar and statesman best remembered for his legislative accomplishments and his high-minded idealism. However, Theodore Roosevelt, Taft's predecessor, was disgruntled with his performance as president and launched a third-party run. Tommy, as Wilson was called in his youth, was the third of four children. Corrections? Former president Theodore Roosevelt’s bolt to the Progressive (Bull Moose) Party had split the dominant Republican Party, a factor that allowed Wilson to be elected with only 42 percent of the popular vote but with an electoral college landslide of 435 votes to Roosevelt’s 88 and William Howard Taft’s 8. Thomas Woodrow Wilson was born on December 28, 1856 in Stauton, Virginia to Joseph Ruggles Wilson and Janet Woodrow and was the third of four children. Among his later works are a general analysis of government, The State: Elements of Historical and Practical Politics (1889); a history of the United States, Division and Reunion, 1829–1889 (1893); the five-volume A History of the American People (1902); and Constitutional Government in the United States (1908), in which Wilson elegantly set forth the modern view of the president as “the representative of no constituency, but of the whole people. Once in office he put his earlier ideas about parliamentary practices to work in implementing a sweeping reform program that gave him a national reputation and made him a contender for the Democratic presidential nomination. Cooper is Professor Emeritus at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the author of nearly a dozen books, including “The Warrior and the Priest,” his 1983 comparative biography of Wilson and… At Princeton he blossomed intellectually, reading widely, engaging in debate, and editing the college newspaper. Woodrow Wilson was an academic and politician who served as the two-term 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. He said that Wilson’s claim that his administration was protecting Black people from friction was ridiculous. The preeminent living historian of Wilson and his era, Cooper has studied the man an his times for decades... he now presents us with his magnum opus. Who Was Woodrow Wilson? The new president entered the White House just as the women’s suffrage movement was gaining full steam. A widow herself, Edith met the grieving Wilson several months after the death of his first wife. Fast and free shipping free returns cash on delivery available on eligible purchase. Wilson resigned from the university, and, artfully turning the tables on his patrons, he won the governorship with a dynamic, progressive campaign. 702 pp. Wilson married Ellen Louise Axson on June 24, 1885, in Savannah, Georgia. Woodrow Wilson Biographical T homas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856-February 3, 1924) was born in Staunton, Virginia, to parents of a predominantly Scottish heritage. By John Milton Cooper , Jr. New York : Alfred A. Knopf , 2009 . He finally asked Congress to declare war in April 1917, when Germany repeatedly ignored U.S. neutrality and sunk American ships. But it was his oratory skill that brought him renown beyond the university setting. The family left Virginia before his second birthday, as his father successively held pastorates in Augusta, Georgia, and Wilmington, North Carolina, and taught at the Columbia Theological Seminary in South Carolina. Meanwhile, the publicity that Wilson had generated as Princeton’s president attracted the attention of conservative kingmakers in the Democratic Party, who offered him the 1910 nomination for governor of New Jersey. “Woodrow Wilson: A Biography” is John Milton Cooper, Jr.’s 2009 biography of the 28th president. Wilson left a legacy of peace, social and financial reform, and statesmanship with integrity, which lives on at the many schools and programs named after him, most notably the Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation and his old alma mater, Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. In a fast rise politically, he spent two years as governor of New Jersey before being elected in 1912 to the presidency of the United States. A warm, studious and devout household, the family lived all over the South, moving from Staunton, Virginia, to Augusta, Georgia, in Wilson's first year. After the private screening in the White House with Cabinet members and their families, Wilson is reported to have said, “It is like writing history with lightning, and my only regret is that it is all so terribly true.” Later, he reportedly called the film an “unfortunate production” and hoped the film would not be shown in Black communities. Woodrow Wilson was born Thomas Woodrow Wilson on December 28, 1856, in Staunton, Virginia, USA, to Joseph Ruggles Wilson and Jessie Janet Woodrow. His father was a Presbyterian minister. His legacy includes sweeping reforms for the middle class, voting rights for women and precepts for world peace. Finally, on August 18, 1920, the 19th Amendment was ratified by a two-thirds majority of the states. Woodrow Wilson – A. Scott Berg John Milton Cooper's mature judgment and many years' study of Wilson and the Progressive era enrich this biography. Buy Woodrow Wilson: A Biography by Heckscher, August online on Amazon.ae at best prices. August Heckscher, author of Woodrow Wilson: A Biography, participated in "Booknotes" where he discussed the life of the 28th president of the United States. Woodrow Wilson, in full Thomas Woodrow Wilson, (born December 28, 1856, Staunton, Virginia, U.S.—died February 3, 1924, Washington, D.C.), 28th president of the United States (1913–21), an American scholar and statesman best remembered for his legislative accomplishments and his high-minded idealism. He was the first Southerner to be elected president since Zachary Taylor in 1848, and just the second Democrat to be elected president since 1860. Author of. On February 1, 1917, the Germans unleashed their submarines in an onslaught of unrestricted warfare against all shipping, belligerent and neutral, in a broad zone surrounding the British Isles and the coasts of other Allied countries. Ellen was an educated woman; a cousin of hers had actually feared she’d never marry because he felt that “men didn’t like smart women.” But Wilson did. Living in the South and witnessing the ravages of the Civil War up close, Wilson's father, a Northern transplant, adopted the Confederate cause. He graduated in 1879, thirty-eighth in his class of slightly over one hundred. Brian Wilson is one of the most influential songwriters in rock 'n' roll history, best known as the frontman for the Beach Boys. Woodrow Wilson was a founder member of the Presbyterian church in the US and was deeply religious. Two years later he went to Princeton, where he quickly became the most popular and highest-paid faculty member. In 1870, they moved to Columbia, South Carolina, where Wilson’s father taught at the Columbia Theological Seminary. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal led the nation through the Great Depression. Woodrow Wilson created the League of Nations after World War I (1914–18). Wilson was appointed to teach at Bryn Mawr and Wesleyan. Woodrow Wilson - Woodrow Wilson - First term as president: The presidency offered Wilson his supreme chance to put his ideas about government to work. True helpmates, Wilson entrusted Edith with a secret code that accessed highly confidential war documents, and she often sat with him during Oval Office meetings. Thomas Woodrow Wilson was born 28 December 1856, in Staunton, Virginia. Even after navigating six biographies of Wilson totaling nearly 3,500 pages, he remains a study in contrasts…and a difficult person to fully decipher. He began his adult career as an academic, became President of Princeton University, was elected governor of New Jersey, and--finally--he was elected President of the United States. Wilson went on to study law at the University of Virginia and earned his Ph.D. in political science and history at Johns Hopkins University. Wilson’s New Freedom platform favored small businesses and farmers, and he went after what he termed the "Triple Wall of Privilege." The group was peaceful but soon turned violent, with many protesters arrested and thrown in jail. Perhaps the most telling account about Wilson’s racist attitude came from his own lips. In addition to a focus on innovative curriculum upgrades, he was often voted the most popular teacher on campus, renowned for his caring demeanor and high ideals. In 1885 Wilson married Ellen Louise Axson (Ellen Wilson), the daughter of a Presbyterian minister from Rome, Georgia, with whom he had three daughters, Margaret, Jessie, and Eleanor. In 1917, a group of suffragists picketed outside the White House demanding Wilson’s support. Apparently dyslexic from childhood, Wilson did not learn to read until after he was 10 and never became a rapid reader. While still an undergraduate, he published a scholarly essay that compared the American government with the British parliamentary system, a subject that he would develop further in his first book and apply in his own political career. ", Ann Wilson is best known as the vocalist for Heart, the rock band that became famous for songs like "Barracuda," "Crazy on You" and "What About Love.". African Americans in the film (played mostly by white actors in black face) were portrayed as brutes. The first major biography of America’s twenty-eighth president in nearly two decades, from one of America’s foremost Woodrow Wilson scholars. Perhaps it was his Southern upbringing or perhaps he was just a product of his times when racial inequality was considered normal by most Americans. Together with their allies in Congress, members of his administration rolled back many of the advancements African Americans had made in government employment since the Civil War. After the war, Wilson saw Confederate president Jefferson Davis march through Augusta in chains, and always remembered looking up into the face of the defeated General Robert E. Lee. A scrupulous scholar, Wilson’s books include a biography of George Washington and the five-volume History of the American People. He was considered a wrongly unheeded prophet whose policies would have prevented world calamity. Omissions? PEACE AND WAR. Trotter and his group were shown the door. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! The three were candidates in the 1912 election. Wilson's first stroke occurred while at Princeton in May 1906, seriously threatening his life. Dwight D. Eisenhower, 34th president of the United States, promoted Atoms for Peace at the United Nations General Assembly in order to ease Cold War tensions. Wilson’s father, Joseph Ruggles Wilson, was a Presbyterian minister who had moved to Virginia from Ohio and was the son of Scotch-Irish immigrants; his mother, Janet Woodrow, the daughter of a Presbyterian minister, had been born in England of Scottish parentage. A dedicated scholar and enthusiastic orator, he earned multiple degrees before embarking on a university career. Joining his daughter, Jessie Woodrow Wilson Sayre, Wilson continued to speak for the cause and contacted members of Congress with personal and written appeals. Brief Summary of Book: Woodrow Wilson: A Biography by John Milton Cooper Jr. 17. A determined reformer, his successes made him the darling of Progressives preceding his election to the presidency in 1912. He was raised in a pious and educated household since his father was a Presbyterian minister. Gretchen Wilson is a Grammy award-winning country singer known for her song "Redneck Woman. There is also the well-known story of Wilson praising the motion picture “Birth of a Nation,” a film by director D. W. Griffith, that denounced Reconstruction and hailed the rise of the Ku Klux Klan. He replied that segregation was humiliating to Black workers because it made them feel they were not equals. He firmly believed that actions spoke much louder than words and that only through government could he truly affect and change society. Woodrow Wilson is a surprisingly difficult person to get to know. Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 to February 3, 1924) was an academic and politician who served as the two-term 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. Son of a severe Presbyterian shepherd. Woodrow Wilson: A Biography . Some of Wilson's views on race first came to light during his time as university president. Wilson was born on December 28, 1856, to Jessie Janet Woodrow and Joseph Ruggles Wilson, a Presbyterian minister. Trotter had come to the White House with a contingent of people and a petition from 38 states containing 20,000 signatures protesting against segregating federal employees. Woodrow Wilson was an academic and politician who served as the two-term 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. In several departments including Treasury, the Navy, and the Post Office, Jim Crow policies were implemented, instituting segregated toilets, cafeterias and even some “whites only” buildings. Admiration quickly deepened into a more profound relationship, and the two married in late December 1915. While adopted by Europe, Congress did not approve of the United States joining the League of Nations. In late 1883, Wilson entered Johns Hopkins University, a new graduate institution in Baltimore modeled after German universities. Here is a quick description and cover image of book Woodrow Wilson: A Biography written by John Milton Cooper Jr. which was published in 2009-11-3 . ', African American playwright August Wilson won a Pulitzer Prize and a Tony Award for his play 'Fences' and earned a second Pulitzer Prize for 'The Piano Lesson.'. The first major biography of America’s twenty-eighth president in nearly two decades, from one of America’s foremost Woodrow Wilson scholars.A Democrat who reclaimed the White House after sixteen years of Republican administrations, Wilson was a transformative president—he helped create the regulatory bodies and legislation that prefigured FDR’s New Deal and would prove cen At first, Wilson was outraged by the women’s conduct, but he was appalled to learn that some had gone on a hunger strike and were being force-fed by the police. Wilson was re-elected in 1916, defeating Republican Charles Evans Hughes by a fairly narrow margin. Less than three months after he was reelected president, Woodrow Wilson’s worst fear came to pass. Additionally, Edith was the first U.S. first lady to travel with a sitting president on a European goodwill tour. Reverend Wilson was the minister of the Staunton Presbyterian Church. Wilson was the 28th president of the United States, serving two terms from 1913 to 1921. Wilson was a professional academic before he became president. “Your tone, sir, offends me,” Wilson shot back at Trotter. ", Wilson tried to dispense a peace protocol to Great Britain along with the money and munitions they asked for but was rebuffed. When Ellen died of kidney disease in 1914, following Wilson's first year in the White House, he reportedly walked around in a daze for days, whispering, "My God, what am I to do?". It was largely due to Wilson's efforts that the College of New Jersey evolved into the prestigious Princeton University. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Served as President: 1913-1921 Vice President: Thomas Riley Marshall Party: Democrat Age at inauguration: 56 Born: December 28, 1856 in Staunton, Virginia Died: February 3, 1924 in Washington D.C. Married: Ellen Louise Axson Wilson and to Edith Bolling Galt Wilson Children: Margaret, Jesse, Eleanor He is married to R&B singer Ciara. Although his historical reputation suffered in his final years because of Republican political gains, during World War II Woodrow Wilson’s reputation soared. American football quarterback Russell Wilson led the Seattle Seahawks to victory in Super Bowl XLVIII. He then went on to accuse the president of lying. Key events in the life of Woodrow Wilson. Prevailing at the 1912 convention after a hard struggle against better-entrenched rivals, Wilson entered into an exciting three-way race for president. Woodrow Wilson: A Biography This excellent biography offers a much-needed adjustment of Woodrow Wilson’s place in popular history. In 1907, Wilson broke Ellen’s heart when he had an affair while visiting Bermuda on a restorative trip. In 1902, he became the university's 13th president. Though Wilson was initially “lukewarm” towards a women’s right to vote, historians generally agree that his views of suffrage evolved and he eventually supported the cause. Nominated as a Democratic candidate for the 1912 presidential election, he launched a reformist program known as New Freedom. He was the third child, and first son of Reverend Joseph Ruggles Wilson and his wife, Janet “Jessie” Woodrow Wilson. An earlier biography, Woodrow Wilson: A Biography, was nominated for a Pulitzer prize in 2009 and is also in the Media Center. On December 18, 1915, Wilson married Edith Bolling Galt at her Washington, D.C. home. Woodrow Wilson: A Biography. Wilson spent his youth in the South observing the Civil War and its aftermath. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. (The "Great War" was also meant to be the last war.). Wilson also created the Federal Reserve and supported the 19th Amendment, allowing women to vote. He appointed the first Jewish justice, Louis Brandeis, to the U.S. Supreme Court. He achieved his dream job, a professorship at Princeton, in 1890. Wilson hoped to become a professor, writing that "a professorship was the only feasible place for me, the only place that would afford leisure for reading and for original work, the only strictly literary berth with an income attached." He presided over ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, giving women the right to vote, and laws that prohibited child labour and that mandated an eight-hour workday for railroad workers. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Wilson was buried in the Washington National Cathedral. As president, Wilson saw America through World War I, negotiating the Treaty of Versailles and crafting the League of Nations, a precursor to the United Nations. Hecckscher in his biography, Woodrow Wilson, works hard to change the image. Woodrow Wilson is perhaps best remembered as being the 28th president of the United States, serving two terms in office during which he guided America through World War 1 and played a large part in the creation of the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations. Wilson was nominated as the Democratic presidential candidate on the New Freedom platform in 1912, opposing Republican incumbent William Howard Taft. When he speaks in his true character, he speaks for no special interest.”. A 1912 poster shows Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and William Howard Taft, all working at desks, superimposed on a map of the United States. The author, Dr. John Milton Cooper, is an alumnus of Woodrow Wilson High School, Class of 1957. He attended Davidson College near Charlotte, North Carolina, for a year before entering what is now Princeton University in 1875. We strive for accuracy and fairness. 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