Aboriginal Justice Strategy Evaluation Case Studies. Data from various sources show that Indigenous people are overrepresented as both offenders and victims of crime: “One in three (30%) Indigenous people reported that they or their household had been the victim of at least one of the eight crimes measured by the General Social Survey in the 12 months preceding the survey Footnote 15. This extends to Action # 31, which discusses how sufficient and stable funding is needed so alternatives to imprisonment can be provided to Indigenous persons: “We call upon the federal, provincial, and territorial governments to provide sufficient and stable funding to implement and evaluate community sanctions that will provide realistic alternatives to imprisonment for Aboriginal offenders and respond to the underlying causes of offending.” Footnote 23. Over the course of its second five-year mandate, two key evaluations of the AJS have been planned—a mid-term formative evaluation, now complete, and an end-of-mandate summative evaluation. Demand is also indicated by regular contacts to the program from communities seeking funding to expand existing community-based justice programs, or to start new ones. About Us. Also viewed by participants as an important element of effective programming is a strong link between community-based justice programs and the local Indigenous government. Applications to the Capacity-Building Fund from communities both with and without an AJS-funded program have been steadily well above available funding year after year. Related to that is the idea of integrating community-based justice programs into a broader community governance approach that includes a range of policy and program areas. The costs of AJS-funded programs were calculated based on the amounts allocated from the Department and cost-shared contributions from the provinces and territories for the 2014-15 fiscal year. The other 17% is expended on policy activities to support the AJS, thus was removed from the calculation for operational efficiency. They said that the discretionary nature of referrals in most cases is a barrier, and that establishing a positive and trusting working relationship with police and court officials requires knowledge and skills that not all CJWs have, and even with experienced people, these relationships are built over time. In addition to this, several priorities in the Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada’s 2015 Mandate Letter directly relate to the AJS, as the Department’s only community-based Indigenous justice program. The Elsipogtog Restorative Justice program (ERJP) has been in existence since 2000, funded essentially by the federal Aboriginal Justice Strategy. Submissions received for the Indigenous Evaluation Strategy project. When comparing the referral sources between the participant and comparison groups, there were no significant differences. However, according to available literature Footnote 32 and to all the sources drawn upon for this evaluation, governments and communities will need to adopt a more integrated and holistic approach to affect a significant decrease in overrepresentation and to make a lasting difference. The MJS was used for comparison as it is the only alternative for the majority of AJS-funded program participants. Nous sommes désolés que vous ayez abouti ici. (2016). The AJS has been evaluated four times in the past, with the last evaluation in 2011. Aboriginal Justice Strategy Mid-Term Evaluation, Final Report. Key Findings. Community members living outside their home communities, including major urban centres, might be referred back to programs in their home communities. The first element concerns whether or not available AJS programs and services are culturally appropriate and of sufficient quality to constitute a response to the needs of Indigenous people. In those communities, Crown, police, court and the Department of Fisheries and Ocean made up 98.8% of all referrals to AJS programs. However, they almost uniformly raised the issue of “coverage”, pointing out that many Indigenous communities, and therefore many Indigenous people, do not have access to such alternatives and are left to work within the existing MJS. and evaluation of Aboriginal Justice Agreements Participation, self-determination and capacity building have been consistently identified as instrumental to improving justice outcomes. However, in some regions, including Saskatchewan, an adult offender file cannot be referred back to his/her home community. The officers develop relationships with leaders in the communities they serve, receive proposals and submit them to NHQ for approval, and manage the resulting funding agreements. Therefore, AJS provided immediate savings to the MJS in the amount of $1,604 per program participant ($4,435 - $2,831) or $14,498,556 for the full cohort in 2014-15 ($1,604 x 9039). This alone demonstrates limitations to the likelihood of referrals. Indigenous adults also accounted for 22% of admissions to federal custodial sentences in 2014-15. Canada’s Economic Action Plans during this period proposed measures to continue to reduce violence against Indigenous women and girls, protect and support victims, and provide law enforcement and the justice system with the means needed to protect communities and promote justice Footnote 20. The program also employs traditional law principles of accountability, healing, and making amends in order to develop a plan of action for offenders who have accepted responsibility for their offences. The summation symbol shows n equals eight years as the upper limit of summation, and the social discount rate of i set at 0.08, or eight percent. $3,258,706 (AJD salary and O&M) / $53,188,484 (total operating costs) x 100 = 6%. In April 1996, the Minister of Justice announced the AJS as part of the federal government’s response to the Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, and to other Aboriginal justice inquiries across the country that had concluded that Canada’s justice system was failing Aboriginal people. In response, an information campaign has been developed and is currently being rolled out at all 52 RCMP detachments across the province through co-presentation by representatives of the RCMP, Nova Scotia Department of Justice, and Mi’kmaw Legal Support Network. With regards to Indigenous youth, there has been an even more significant decrease in admissions to provincial/territorial correctional services (both custody and community services) between 2010-11 and 2014-15. Add the above two together for total PV savings. Table 6 below shows the annual comparative figures for each year after program completion up to eight years. On average, more than 25% of all applications (a total of 103 applications) could not be funded during the evaluation period even though they met program criteria, and that proportion was as high as 30% in 2013-14. Sometimes a page gets moved or deleted, but hopefully we can help you find what you're looking for. However, observers consulted for the evaluation also cautioned that there remains a great deal to be accomplished to improve the overall situation for Indigenous people in conflict with the law and for the communities they live in. For example, one of the community-based justice programs, the United Chiefs and Council of Mnidoo Mnisig, accepts pre- and post-charge diversions and provides advice on sentencing to youth and adult band members. The evaluation covered AJS’ activities, outputs and outcomes over the four years from 2012-13 to 2015- 16. A prevailing view among KIs was that although FPT WG discussions were useful and important, the ideas that emerged did not appear to lead to policy and program changes. The same respondents were asked how often they refer Indigenous cases that are eligible. Boyce, J. AJS and provincial/territorial justice officials working with Indigenous communities indicated that there is considerable variation in the quality of the programs, with some viewed as very strong and well organized and others requiring improvement. Appendix D provides the details of the comparative cost calculations. We summarized the stories into a 10-minute themed video. A monitoring and evaluation strategy will be developed that aligns with the outcomes framework, and will focus on: monitoring and measuring outcomes that reflect Aboriginal values and measures of success improving Aboriginal justice data collection, which is essential for establishing an evidence-base and securing funding for AJA initiatives For example, some KIs indicated there were still opportunities to collaborate and share information within the Department and with other departments and agencies at the national level. Aboriginal Justice Strategy (AJS) to assess the relevance and performance of the program, as outlined in the Treasury Board 2009 Policy on Evaluation. In that same community and at Kwanlin Dun, a reserve-based court is being negotiated so that all related programs and services can be directly tied to the formal court process. The decision to refer to an alternative community-based justice program is discretionary unless mandated by the court. Between 2010 and 2015, the AJD met the service standards between 86% and 93% of the time. Since the recidivism study found the program participants in the study were 8.8% less likely to re-offend after one year than the comparison group, and the average cost per case in the MJS was estimated at $4,435, the cost savings per program participant, in 2014 dollars, one year later would be: The following table provides the cost savings per program participant in each of the eight years following program participation. A number of successes were identified through the AJS case studies associated with promising alternative approaches to justice. However, in 2014-15, 52% of Indigenous youth admitted to correctional services were admitted to custody, whereas the comparable figure for non-Indigenous youth was 42%. Justice Canada Evaluation Of The Aboriginal Justice Strategy Community Case Study - Community Justice Worker Interview Guide. Crime Prevention Issues No. Service Standards for Departmental Funding Programs include the following: acknowledgement of receipt of proposals, within 7 calendar days; official written notification of the funding decision, within 120 calendar days of the Program's receipt of proposal; and payment processed within 28 calendar days after the completion of the requirements outlined in the contribution agreement or the grant letter. Many people believed both cases reflected discrimination in the justice system. Besides the Program, they may also have a similar role for other funding programs in the region, so they gain wide experience in working with their communities across a range of program areas. This was exemplified in Elsipogtog First Nation, where the program’s healing plans are developed through consultations by a justice committee that is composed of cultural representatives and highly regarded leaders within the community. AJD is not able to take on a greater policy function because the most immediate concern has historically been a short-term mandate and frequent preparation for renewal. Final Evaluation: Aboriginal Justice Strategy (2000), Department of Justice Canada, Evaluation Division, Aboriginal Justice Strategy: Formative Evaluation (2005), and But coordination remains at an early stage of development, with department and agency mandates reinforcing a silo approach. The total salary expended was $3,345,281 and the total O&M expended was $580,871, the total AJD resources expended between 2012 and 2016 was $3,926,152. Among those that do, there is sometimes a reluctance to refer clients to them by the MJS, as outlined in the section on referrals above. Opening Prayer/Welcome . Both of these groups indicated strong support for the continued need. Operational efficiency can be defined as the extent to which the costs of producing program outputs are reasonable. KIs pointed to the fact that the AJS FPT WG is not part of the Department’s structure of committees of senior officials, and therefore has no effective mechanism through which to move its ideas forward or make decisions. Several success stories provided by AJS programs spoke of a healing circle including apologies to the community, while another developed an isolation and personal wellness plan to ensure the offender was accountable for his actions and willing to work on himself. Many residents of communities with access to community-based justice programs do not access those services because referrals do not take place. The Victorian Aboriginal Justice Agreement is a longstanding partnership between the Victorian Government and Aboriginal Community to improve Aboriginal justice outcomes. FPT justice officials were also asked about whether the conditions remained to demonstrate an ongoing need for alternative Indigenous justice approaches. Recognizing that the main point of diversion from the MJS for participants of AJS programs is the courts, spending including court expenditures, legal aid and prosecutions were used to determine the costs of the MJS ($1,650,268,754). Are there any emerging needs? It discusses the policy context relating to the Strategy and describes its program logic, management structure and financial resources. In comparison, fewer than one in five (19%) non-Indigenous people reported that they or their household had been victimized. Chief Financial Officer costs, corporate costs and evaluation costs were excluded. Working in concert, the group is developing a strategy and complete information package so that presentations can be rolled out for RCMP detachments and communities by fall 2016. lists of services and service providers available; files with training that have been developed (e.g., training on how to organize and run effective healing or sentencing circles, how to get community buy-in); and. About this site. Executive Summary; 1. Economy is achieved when the cost of the resources that are used approximates the minimum amount needed to achieve the expected outcomes. Assuming the present value of the cost savings per participant to the MJS over eight years is $2,264, the total savings of one year's cohort to the MJS (e.g., 2014-15) would be: This suggests that, in 2014-15, approximately $20.5M in present and future cost savings to the MJS were achieved through AJS-funded programs. Each phase of the AJA has built upon its predecessors to further improve justice outcomes for Aboriginal people. The Indian Youth Friendship Society also has a funding agreement through AJS to manage the Gladue Services Program in Thunder Bay, Ontario. In 2014, the rate of violent victimization among Indigenous women (220 per 1,000 people) was double the violent victimization of Indigenous men (110 per 1,000 people), triple the rate of non-Indigenous women (81 per 1,000 people), and over triple the rate of non-Indigenous men (66 per 1,000 people) Footnote 17. Juristat report entitled Victimization of Aboriginal people in Canada, 2014. This strategic outcome is a shared responsibility among a broad range of players, including Parliament, the judiciary, federal departments and agencies, partners in provincial, territorial, and municipal governments, a broad range of non-governmental organizations and stakeholders, and ultimately all Canadians. The AJS was created in 1991 to address the disproportionate rate of victimization, crime and incarceration among Indigenous people in Canada. The fiscal restraint had an impact on human resource management within the AJD. Their point of view is that this state of affairs often prevents communities from being able to offer an alternative justice response that is well integrated with the MJS. In terms of the programs themselves, CJWs surveyed indicated that the most important factors contributing to participants’ success included a recognized and established program to refer people to, availability of different types of services (for example, programs with a spiritual component, or those that offer pre-charge diversion), as well as the level of contact and interaction within the programs. View submissions and brief comments. Our Campaign is led by our Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander leadership including the National Health Leadership Forum (NHLF) and the Campaign also supports the NHLF submission to the Productivity Commission. The AJS is managed by the Aboriginal Justice Directorate, a component of the Department of Justice Programs Branch. On the other hand, 20% of police and almost half of Crown attorneys responding to the survey said they often refer people to the programs, predominantly because they recognize that they are more culturally appropriate and they believe there is a greater likelihood that participants will not reoffend. The following provides a summary of the main themes from the case studies that were conducted in support of the evaluation. The proposed evaluation strategy is to be completed by July 2020 and include: a principles based framework for evaluation of policies and programs affecting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples; the identification of priorities for evaluation; and the development of an approach for reviewing agencies conduct of evaluations in accordance with the strategy. About 50% of Crown respondents and 68% of police said they were “a little”, “to a small extent” or “somewhat” aware of community-based justice programs in their area of responsibility. A few police/Crown survey respondents indicated that if they knew more about the programs or if the programs covered more offences or provided more services for different types of offenders, they would be more likely to refer individuals to the programs. She was set up with a therapist and referred to appropriate services. KIs, including provincial and territorial justice officials, agreed that the Government of Canada has the responsibility for First Nation, Métis and Inuit justice because of its responsibility for Indigenous people and of the shared jurisdiction in the area of justice. The average legal aid cost per criminal case was therefore calculated to be approximately $1,145 in 2014 dollars. Government of Canada, Making Real Change Happen, 2015. http://www.trc.ca/websites/trcinstitution/File/2015/Findings/Calls_to_Action_English2.pdf. Native Courtworker and Counselling Association of British Columbia. The evaluation assessed the allocative efficiency of the AJS by assessing the costs avoided by MJS courts by referring offenders to AJS community-based justice programs Footnote 46. And of course, in communities without AJS-funded programs, there is reason to believe that the justice system does not reflect Indigenous cultural values. Demand for funding exceeded available funds by a considerable margin throughout the evaluation period. Participants will first be welcomed and provided with background information on the case study project by the local AJS staff and the DC/JRI Team Representative. As per the Treasury Board 2009 Policy on Evaluation, the evaluation included an analysis of the efficiency and economy of the AJS. As one survey respondent explained, “the needs of the accused are far greater and immediate than what a particular community is able or willing to address”. The twelve-session victim empathy program incorporates Anishinabe justice principles and approaches. The reasons for the high percentage in 2013-14 included the fact that AJD was in a program renewal period; this was a period of workforce adjustment and no other departmental program funds were available that year. New Search Modify Search. This means that approximately 9,000 individuals who participate in AJS-funded community-based justice programs each year have access to programs that offer a real opportunity for change. Total present value savings of an entire cohort of AJS (9,039 participants). In another case, a client served by the Métis Justice Institute in Manitoba had been dealing with domestic violence from a partner and was referred to victim services through the program. Indigenous adults accounted for 26% of admissions to provincial/territorial correctional facilities and 22% in federal facilities in 2014-15, while representing 3% of the Canadian adult population. The total court costs per total criminal cases resulted in an estimated cost of approximately $1,159 per case in 2014 dollars. Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics report entitled Adult correctional statistics in Canada, 2014/2015. Other important factors included having positive relationships with CJWs, having strong support from others, demonstrating maturity/motivation, as well as having a safe, positive environment. This evaluation of the New South Wales Police Service’s Aboriginal Strategic Plan considers a number of key indicators and output data. Final Report. The AJD is currently examining the issue of unserved and underserved communities with a view to identifying their numbers and locations. The study was based on data from 69,230 organizations in Canada. Implementation; Monitoring and evaluation; Vision: Aboriginal people have access to … As indicated in the table, most of the unspent funds were taken from salaries ($3.3M spent vs. $7M allocated). the Aboriginal Youth Justice Strategy Research Report Professor Chris Cunneen1 Jumbunna Institute for Indigenous Education and Research, ... development, and in implementation, monitoring and evaluation. Date modified: 2017-02-10 Section menu About Us. This section of the report describes the AJS. Key Informant Name. Torres Strait Islander flag. Between 2000 and 2010, total community-based justice funding increased gradually from close to $6 million to almost $12 million, but since then it has remained the same or has diminished. Recommendation 2 The Department of Justice and Regulation increases the frequency, quality, and evaluation of cultural programs to better protect and promote Aboriginal cultural rights in youth justice centres. Additional community-based justice program costs were also excluded. ... Canada's Aboriginal Justice Strategy is a superficial indigenisation of the Canadian legal system and does not reflect the … There are a number of factors that influence a participant’s ability to complete the program. January 1, 2011. Sort by: Sort direction: Item(s) per Page. Within the Department, there have been recent efforts to better coordinate these related policy and program areas, but there is still room for improvement. The evaluation did not have access to definitive information in this regard, but the recidivism analysis, the survey of Crown and police and a separate survey of CJWs all help shed some light. For example, the AJS ACW collaborative working group has a mandate to identify: Across federal departments/agencies, there is reportedly recognition of the holistic nature of Indigenous justice issues and the need for greater coordination, as well as optimism about the federal government’s approach to working with Indigenous communities. The total salary and O&M expended by the AJD to administer the two Funds Footnote 41 between 2012 and 2016 was estimated to be $3,258,706 ($3,926,152 x 83% Footnote 42). It is unknown how widespread these problems are, but they are known to departmental managers, and solutions are currently being discussed or in the process of being implemented. Payment service standards is based on a random sample of projects. The Guiding Principles. The fact that this additional funding has been approved reflects the Department’s recognition that there is a need worth addressing. In section 4.2.2, it was noted that there is a shared understanding at the FPT and local levels of the need for a more holistic approach to Indigenous justice, and that there is important work for the Department to undertake in fostering stronger cross-departmental and multi-disciplinary collaborations. Total funding under the Community-Based Justice Fund diminished slightly through the evaluation period, starting at $11.4 million in 2011-12, and decreasing to $10 million in 2015-16. Opening Prayer/Welcome . The Aboriginal Justice Forum (AJF) will continue to bring together the most senior representatives of Victoria’s Aboriginal communities and the justice human services, health and education government portfolios in order to oversee the development, implementation, monitoring and direction of this Agreement. These include addressing gaps in services to Indigenous people and reviewing changes in the criminal justice system and sentencing reforms; and increased use of restorative justice processes and other initiatives to reduce the rate of incarceration amongst Indigenous Canadians. The assumption is that the MJS will never provide such opportunity, so the most that can be hoped is that justice is increasingly administered by the communities themselves, either through referrals or by establishing courts in the communities themselves. Gladue-related Capacity Fund projects in the evaluation period include: Although these projects provide evidence that some Gladue-related services are being developed and implemented, according to KI respondents and case study observers, they represent exceptions to the norm. Their programs in that context represent an acknowledgement of this perspective within the MJS response. CJW survey respondents were asked about referral rates, and their assessments of referral frequency were close to those of the police and Crown respondents, indicating that they had a good idea of how often MJS stakeholders actually referred eligible individuals to their programs. We saw in section 4.2.1 that the AJS has succeeded in supporting community-based justice programs in many communities and that these programs are viewed by CJWs and community leaders as reflecting local Indigenous values. The efficiency ratio is based on the resources expended. Aboriginal Justice Strategy Evaluation Case Studies. Police reported housing stability to be very important (89%), whereas it was considered less important for Crown representatives (57%). Punky Lake Wilderness Camp Society also has a justice committee composed of community representatives from the seven participating communities. Hit 'Back' in your web browser's toolbar to return to the last web page you visited; Appuyez sur le bouton 'Précédente' qui se trouve sur la barre d'outil de votre navigateur afin de quitter la page actuelle et retourner à la page précédente; Vous pourriez également visiter les différentes sections de notre site Web . That communities Plan and implement their programs and the Indigenous identity was unknown direction: Item ( s per. Program ( ERJP ) has been a reduction in adult Indigenous custodial admissions between 2010-11 and 2014-15 $... Total investment, $ 11 million was directed towards the AJS evaluations and research further... 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